In the year 2000, the Swiss foundation launched a campaign called New7Wonders to select seven new wonders, in which 7 wonders were chosen as winners in 2007 through a worldwide poll. Now as the New7Wonders of the world, there is a new campaign of 7 new Symbols of Peace, for which voting is still happening.
The initiative to select 7 wonders was first started in 1999. This initiative started from Switzerland and for this, a foundation was created, this foundation created a new site, in which a list of 200 heritage of the world was made. These new wonders, then announced by Voting Internet and Mobile, were announced on July 7, 2007 in Lisbon, Portugal, following a survey led by Canadian-Swiss Bernard Weber in Zurich, Switzerland by the New 7 Wonders Foundation were held. 100 million votes were polled by the organization worldwide through the Internet or by telephone.
1. Pyramid at Chichen Itza
It is the first of 7 wonders in the world. The Mayan name “Chichen Itza” means “at the mouth of Itza’s well”. It is derived from the word chi which means “mouth” or “mouth” and chain means “well”. Itza is the name of an ethnic-lineage group.
The name is believed to be derived from Maya’s itz, meaning “magic” and (h) á, meaning “water.” In Spanish itzá means “Brujas del Agua” but a more accurate translation is the magician of water.
Effectively located in the center of Chichen, the Kukulkan Temple (Maya name for Quetzalcoat), built at a height of 79 feet, is often referred to as “El Castillo” (palace). The base of this terraced pyramid is square and has 91 steps on each side to the temple at the top. Each stairway symbolizes one day and the temple 365th day.
At the equinox of spring and autumn, when the sun rises and sets, this structure forms the shadow of a winged snake to the west of the north stairway – Kukulkan, or Quetzalcoatl. On these two annual occasions, the shadow of these corners falls on the north side of the pyramid with the movement of the sun leading to the head of the serpent.
In the mid-1930s, the Mexican government sponsored the excavation of El Castillo. After several incorrect starts, he found a ladder on the north side of the pyramid. Digging from the top, he found another temple buried beneath the existing temple. Inside the temple chamber was a chalk original idol and a leopard-shaped throne, painted red and with inlaid jade on it.
The Mexican government dug a tunnel from the bottom of the northern stairway to the stairway leading to the Old Pyramid’s secret temple and opened it to tourists. In 2006, INAH closed the throne room to the public.
2. Christ the Redeemer
There is a statue of Christ, established in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, which is considered the world’s second largest art deco statue. The statue is 39.6 meters (130 ft) long and 30 meters (98 ft) wide with its 9.5 m (31 ft) base. It weighs 635 tonnes (700 short tons) and is located on the top of the Corcovado Mountains in Tijuca Forest National Park. 700 meters (2,300 ft) from which the entire city is visible.
It is one of the tallest statues of its kind in the world (the statue of Christo de la Concordia, located in Cochabamba, Bolivia, is slightly higher). This statue has become an identity of Rio and Brazil as a symbol of Christianity. It is made of strong concrete and soapstone, constructed between 1922 and 1931.
The idea of erecting a huge statue on the top of Corcovado was first suggested in the mid-1850s when the Catholic clergy Pedro Maria Boss urged Princess Isabel to fund the construction of a huge religious monument. Princess Isabel did not pay much attention to the idea, and it was rejected in 1889 after Brazil became a republic, which by law mandated the separation of church and state.
A second proposal to erect an unprecedented statue on the mountain was brought in 1921 by Rio’s Catholic Circle. The group organized an event called Monument Week (“Semana do Monumento”) to raise donations and signatures to support the construction of the statue. The donations came mostly from the Brazilian Catholic community.
Designs chosen for the “Statue of Christ” included a representation of the Christian cross, a statue of Jesus with the earth in his hand, and a platform symbolizing the world. The statue of “Christ the Redeemer” with open arms was chosen. Its construction took nine years from 1922 to 1931 and cost US $ 250,000 equivalent (approximately US $ 3.5 million in 2009).
It is also a symbol of peace. Small spikes have also been placed on the top of the statue to prevent birds from sitting on it. The memorial was opened on 12 October 1931.
In October 2006, on the occasion of the 75th anniversary of the statue, the Archbishop of Rio Cardinal Eusebio Oscar Shield established a chapel (named after the patron saint of Brazil – Nossa Senhora Apparesida or “Our Lady of the Apparition”) under the statue. It allows people of Catholicism to conduct christening and weddings there.
On February 10, 2008, during a severe thunderstorm, a lightning struck the statue, causing some damage to its fingers, head and eyebrows. A renovation was attempted by the state government of Rio de Janeiro and the Archdiocese to replace some of the outer layers of soapstone and repair the lightning rods installed on the statue.
3. Colosseum or Coliseum
Italy is the largest elliptical amphitheater of the Roman Empire built between the city of Rome in the country. It is considered the finest specimen of Roman architecture and engineering. Its construction was started by the then ruler Vespian between 70th – 72nd AD and it was completed by Emperor Titus in the 80th AD.
Between 81 and 96 years, some further changes were made to it under Domitian’s rule. The name of this building is due to Amphitheaterum flavium, Vespian and Titus’ family names Flavius.
The oval colosseum had a capacity of 50,000 spectators, which was not common at that time. In this stadium, there were bloody battles between the warriors for entertainment only. Warriors also had to fight with animals. Gladiators used to fight tigers. It is estimated that about 5 lakh animals and 1 million human beings were killed in such demonstrations of this stadium.
Apart from this, plays based on mythology were also played here. There were grand events twice a year and the Romans loved the sport very much.
This building was closed for public use in the pre-medieval period. Later it was used as a residence, workshops, religious works, fort and pilgrimage site. Today, in the twenty-first century it has survived only as a ruin due to earthquake and stone theft, but its ruins have been kept as punishment for tourists.
It has been selected by UNESCO as World Heritage. It is still a symbol of the splendor of the mighty Roman Empire, the most popular destination for tourists, and closely associated with the Roman Church as the Pope carries out a torch liturgy every Good Friday even today.
5. Machu Picchu
The pre-Columbian era, located in the South American country of Peru, is a historical site related to the Inca civilization. The meaning of its name is: – “Old peak.” It is located on a mountain above the Urubamba Valley, from which the Urubamba River flows, at an altitude of 2,430 meters above sea level.
It is located 80 kilometers (50 mi) northwest of Cuzco. It is also often referred to as the “Lost City of the Inca.” Machu Picchu is one of the most familiar symbols of the Inca Empire.
It was built by the Inca around 1430 AD as the official site of their rulers, but it was abandoned almost a hundred years later, when the Spaniards conquered the Inca. Although the locals knew it from the beginning, the credit for introducing it to the whole world goes to Hiram Bingham, an American historian who discovered it in 1911, since then Machu Picchu has become an important tourist attraction.
Machu Picchu was declared a Peruvian landmark in 1981 and in 1983 it was granted a UNESCO World Heritage Site status. Because it was not looted by the Spaniards even after conquering the Inca, the site has special significance as a cultural site and is also considered a sacred place.
Machu Picchu was built in the archaic style of the Inca, using polished stones. Among its primary buildings are the Intihuatana (Temple of the Sun) and a chamber with three windows. According to archaeologists, this building is located in the holy district of Machu Picchu.
In September 2007, an agreement was reached between Peru and Yale University that all the crafts that Heram Bingham took with him after the discovery of Machu Picchu would be returned to Peru. Machu Picchu is also one of the seven new wonders of the world announced on 7 July 2007.
6. Petra
Located in Jordan’s M’an Province, is a historic city famous for its stone-carved buildings and water transport system. It was established by the Nabataeans as their capital in the sixth century BCE.
Its construction is believed to have started around 1200 BCE. It is a famous tourist destination in the modern era. Petra is built on the slope of a mountain called “Hor” and is situated in a basin surrounded by mountains.
These mountains are the eastern boundary of the valley called “Wadi Arba” running from the Dead Sea to the Gulf of Aqaba. Petra is recognized by UNESCO as being a World Heritage Site. The BBC has also included Petra in its “70 Places to See Before You Die”.
7. Taj Mahal
One of the 7 wonders of the world is a World Heritage Tomb located in the city of Agra in India. It was built by the Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan, in memory of his wife Mumtaz Mahal. The Taj Mahal is an excellent specimen of Mughal architecture. Its architectural style is a unique fusion of components of Persian, Ottoman, Indian and Islamic architecture. if you read all information about taj mahal then please go to Historybaba.
In 1973, the Taj Mahal became a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Along with this, it has been described as one of the best human works of worldwide heritage. The Taj Mahal has also been declared the jewel of Islamic art of India.
Its white dome and tile is covered with marble in shape, not like the buildings made by covering with large layers of commonly seen marble ingots. The mausoleum built in the center shows the combination of beauty in its architectural superiority. The special feature of the Taj Mahal building group is that it is completely symmetrical. Its construction was completed around 1647. Ustad Ahmad Lahori is often considered its principal designator.
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